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the introduction of copper metal
(1), natural attributes
Copper is the earliest humans found one of the oldest metals, as early as over 3,000 years ago humans began to use copper.
Copper, elemental symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.54, the proportion of 8.92, melting point 1083 °C.
pure copper have rose color or red light, formed on the surface of copper oxide film, the appearance of a copper color.
Copper has many valuable physical and chemical characteristics, such as its thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, chemical stability strong, tensile strength, easy to weld, a corrosion resistance, plasticity, and scalability.
Copper can pull into a very thin copper, made of thin copper foil. With zinc, tin, lead, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron and other metal alloys formed.
Copper smelting technology through the development of a long process, but so far the smelting of copper smelting method is still the main fire, the world's copper production accounts for about 85 percent of the total output.
1) Fire is the first copper smelter in general by a few per thousand or a few of the original ore, mineral processing through to 20-30 percent, as copper concentrate, in a confined blast furnace, reverberatory furnace, flash furnace or electric furnace To create matte melting, melting matte output (matte) and then blown into the converter to Make blister copper, and then in another reflection of the furnace after refining from miscellaneous, or Zhucheng anode plate electrolysis, was up to grade 99.9 percent of electrolytic copper. The process short, strong adaptability and the copper recovery rate of up to 95 percent, but the sulfur in the ore made matte and blowing a two-stage as sulphur dioxide emissions from the difficult recovery, easy to cause pollution. In recent years such as silver, Noranda law bath smelting and Japan's Mitsubishi and so, gradually to the smelting fires of continuous, automated development.
2) Modern hydrometallurgy of roasting a sulfuric acid - leaching - - plot, leaching - extraction - - plot, such as bacterial leaching method, suitable for complex low-grade ore, copper oxide ore, copper ore waste heap leaching, the trough of the Baptist optional Or in situ leaching. Wet smelting technology is gradually promotion, the end of this century is expected to total up to 20 per cent of the introduction of the wet smelting of copper smelting costs greatly reduced
(2), copper and copper products Category
1, according to the natural world in the form of classification
Natural copper in the copper content of more than 99%, but very few reserves;
Oxide copper deposit of not more than;
Copper sulphide copper volume is very low, usually in the 2 - 3 percent of the world's more than 80 percent of copper from sulphide copper refining.
2, classified according to the production process
Smelting copper concentrate before the election of higher copper ore;
After the blister copper smelting of copper concentrate products, copper in the volume of 95-98%;
by fire electrolytic copper or after the content of more than 99 percent of copper. by fire available 99-99.9 per cent of copper, electrolytic copper can achieve the purity of 99.95-99.99%;
3, classified by major alloy components
Brass, Copper-Zinc Alloy;
Bronze, copper-alloys (with the exception of zinc, nickel, by adding other elements that are bronze alloy);
Cupronickel, copper cobalt-nickel alloy
4, the product shape Category: brass, copper rod, copper wire, copper strip, copper foil, etc.
(3), copper products, and quality standards
Copper futures contracts subject of the September 97 prior to the implementation of quality standards is GB466-82 standards for delivery of copper is on the 1st, September 97 -98 in August GB466-82 with two GB/T-467-1997 At the same time the implementation of standards, September 98 from the full implementation of GB/T467-1997 standards, and standards for high-purity copper cathode copper cathode can settlement, not the quality of Shengtie Shui, the only brand Shengtie Shui.
(4), the main purpose of copper
Copper is a very close relationship with the human non-ferrous metal, widely used in electrical, light industry, machinery manufacturing, construction industry, defense industry and other fields in the country's consumption of non-ferrous metal materials after the aluminum.
Copper in the electrical and electronics industry in the application of the most extensive, the largest amount, accounting for more than half of total consumption.
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